Diagnosis of adhesions is challenging because it is an internal problem and, other than pain, there are no universal symptoms. If it is suspected, x-rays may help with diagnosis, but the only definitive diagnosis is likely to be laparoscopic surgery (a small incision) to inspect the internal site. If the underlying cause is a disease process such endometriosis, cancer or infection, then clearly this must be treated and is beyond the scope of this website.

Treatment, if required to alleviate pain, is often limited to surgical intervention known as adhesiolysis, which can be conducted with open surgery or laparoscopy. In some cases, the diagnostic laparoscopy can allow for the cutting of the adhesions via scalpel or electrical current during the same procedure.

Surgeons may be reluctant to perform adhesiolysis because adhesions so often form again after the surgery. Also, adhesions create an increased risk factor during surgery as injury may occur to other internal organs. However, surgery is required in serious situations such as bowel obstruction from adhesions.

Physical barrier products have been developed that may provide more permanent relief after surgery. These products, which are membranes designed for internal use, are placed between organs that are likely to become attached with adhesions post surgery. The efficacy of these products varies widely in each situation.

Palliative measures include pain medication, exercise, physical therapy, massage and soft tissue manipulation as well as emotional support groups for pain sufferers.

A scientific article in the International Journal of Surgery from 2015 states “Peritoneal adhesion prevention is one of the biggest dilemmas in surgical practice.” Perhaps the most promising medical treatments involve the topical use of enzymes such as bromelain, Chinese herbs and other natural substances and extracts, but more research is needed.

For further reading on these topics and more: see RESOURCES